Colposcopy involves examining the cervix using a colposcope, a magnifying optical instrument that allows detection of lesions invisible to the naked eye. This examination is generally performed following an abnormal cervical smear, to clarify the nature and extent of any lesion.
What Is Colposcopy?
When Is It Indicated?
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Abnormal cervical smear (Pap test)
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Positive HPV test
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Follow-up after treatment of a cervical lesion
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Suggestive symptoms, such as bleeding after intercourse
How the Examination Works
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The examination is performed in-office, under the same conditions as a standard gynecological exam.
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The cervix is examined using the colposcope, sometimes after application of a staining solution (acetic acid or Lugol's iodine) to better visualize suspicious areas.
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A targeted biopsy may be performed if needed to confirm the diagnosis.
The Link with HPV
The vast majority of cervical lesions are related to infection with human papillomavirus. Colposcopy is therefore part of a cervical cancer prevention strategy, alongside the Pap smear and, where appropriate, HPV vaccination.
After the Examination
Colposcopy is a well-tolerated examination, which may cause slight bleeding if a biopsy is performed. Results and next steps are explained directly to the patient, with follow-up tailored to the findings.
Frequently Asked Questions
No, it is a painless examination in most cases; slight discomfort may be felt if a biopsy is performed.
No, a positive HPV test indicates infection with the virus, which is very common and most often transient; colposcopy is used to check for any associated lesion.
It is not a routine screening test; it is performed based on specific indications, particularly following an abnormal smear or HPV test.
Yes, this examination can be performed during pregnancy if necessary, with certain precautions regarding biopsy.